14 Aug
Maritime History of Indonesia
Indonesia is a country consisting of tens of thousands of islands and can also be referred to as an archipelago state. Indonesia is known for its vast territory, most of which is water and cannot be separated from the concept of maritime.
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At the beginning of Indonesia's independence, when Soekarno and Hatta proclaimed independence on August 17, 1945, Indonesia's territory was limited to the Dutch East Indies which connected the islands in Indonesia and was only 3 miles wide from the coastline so that the Indonesian archipelago became divided into international waters and foreign ships could freely sail the sea in the area.
However, it was felt that this could threaten the security and sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia. Therefore, the Prime Minister of Indonesia, Ir. Djuanda Kartawijaya, declared the "Djuanda Declaration" on December 13, 1957 which states that the waters around, between, and connecting the islands included in the mainland of the Republic of Indonesia, regardless of size or width, are thus part of the inland waters or national waters under the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia.
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However, the declaration drew pros and cons from various countries around the world. Some of the countries that opposed the declaration included the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, the Netherlands, France, and New Zealand. While the pros include the Philippines, Ecuador, and Yugoslavia. After Indonesia went through a long struggle and along with the development of understanding of the sea gave birth to an international convention, namely The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 1982, the Djuanda Declaration was finally accepted and stipulated in the third UN law of the sea convention in 1982. At that meeting, the Archipelago Concept was finally recognized by the world as The Archipelagic Nation Concept.
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Through UNCLOS (The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) 1982, Indonesia's sea area increased from less than 1 million km2 to 5.8 million km2. The Indonesian government then ratified UNCLOS 1982 through Law No. 17 of 1985 concerning the ratification of UNCLOS, to emphasize the rules of the United Nations which states that Indonesia is an archipelagic state.
source:
https://eprints.uny.ac.id/67095/1/Ilham%20Nur%20dkk.pdf
https://lpmedentsundip.com/mengenal-lebih-jauh-sejarah-maritim-indonesia/
